If you plan on establishing more than the two starter settlements in Fallout 4, you should unlock Supply Lines right away with the Local Leader perk. Trying to micromanage multiple settlements is a complete nightmare without Supply Lines to link your Workshop inventories together.
How Supply Lines Work – Fallout 4 Provisioners and Settlements
You can turn off the settlement mechanic altogether, but a linked network of settlements across the Commonwealth is one of the most valuable resources for players in Fallout 4. Not only are they the best source of Adhesive and provide convenient places to rest and resupply, but they’re also one of the most valuable resources for players in Fallout 4. Here’s how to set it all up.
To establish Supply Lines in Fallout 4, you'll need to unlock the first rank of the Local Leader perk. This is only available if you have a Charisma stat of six or higher, so you may need to invest some perk points into the stat first.
The basics of setting up Supply Lines are simple. Travel to one of the settlements you want to link, go to the Workshop, select a settler, and press R1, RB, or Q to bring up a list of suitable settlements. If this is your first time creating a supply line, you should see all of your allied settlements. Any places that are already linked to your current settlement will not appear in the list.