In addition to storing information like ISO, aperture, shutter speed, and other settings, the camera app on a smartphone also stores location data for every single photo you take. The stock camera on most Android devices uses GPS by default to add a location tag to photos.
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This is done to help you remember the places you have visited or where you have taken photos, if you have difficulty recognizing the exact location of a photo.
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If you want to use location history for photos from your camera, this guide will help you set up geotagging on photos and view photos from a specific date.