In this article, you'll learn whether it's safe to charge your iPhone with your iPad charger (it is) and why. You'll also find additional information about swapping charging cables between your iPhone and iPad.
iPhone Charging Errors That Are Ruining Your Battery
Yes, it is safe to charge your iPhone with an iPad charger. Based on the compatibility chart on Apple’s 12-watt USB Power Adapter product page, the more powerful charging brick is compatible with iPhone models from iPhone 5 and later.
If you have a 30-watt adapter, the 30-watt adapter compatibility page will say it is compatible with iPhone 8 and later.
When you charge your iPhone using your iPad charger, your iPhone will charge normally. Once the battery is fully charged, it will stop charging. iPhone battery technology ensures that charging stops once the battery is completely full.