Most smartphones said to be powered by Samsung run the stock Android operating system, but with a Samsung interface overlaid on top.
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This additional Samsung software often adds features and custom design elements not yet available on the stock Android operating system, while still supporting all of the core Android functionality users expect.
Most Samsung-branded smartphones run on a version of the regular Android operating system with additional Samsung design elements and features added on top. Technically, Samsung is not Android, but many people and publications refer to Samsung phones as Android phones simply because they support Android apps and run the Android operating system under the hood.
Think of modern Samsung smartphones as Android smartphones with that little bit extra.