Stolen Treasure is a side mission in Stellar Blade that unlocks after returning the second Hyper Cell to the Presence Chamber. The mission is given by Lyle, who can be found in the shop near the waypoint phone at the entrance to Xion.
Stolen Treasures Walkthrough | Stellar Blade
Lyle’s shop is called 黃連雜貨店, which according to Google Translate means Goldthread Grocery Store. If you go inside and talk to him, he’ll tell you that his daughter, Arin, stole his gilded bronze standing Buddha. He suspects that she’s probably trying to sell it at the Scavenger Market, and asks you to scare the scavengers there into telling them where the treasure is. The mission summary takes a more down-to-earth approach to your best course of action, simply stating that you should interrogate the merchants at the Scrap Market. The odd thing is that when you’re following the mission, neither your map nor your compass will show you where the Scrap Market is. Thanks for nothing, Stellar Blade!
The Scrap Market is simply the area of Xion where Sisters' Junk is located, so head there and talk to Kaya at Sisters' Junk. After she stops chatting about her missing sister, ask her about Arin's whereabouts. She'll keep chatting before eventually telling you that Arin is on the Scrap Plains and has hidden the Buddha in the Villa, a domed building.
Head to the Wasteland and head east to the objective marker, which is between the Central Scrap Plains Supply Camp and the Bus top Legion Camp. You can't miss the Villa. The dome isn't so much a dome as a giant globe, and it can be seen from quite a distance.