The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model defines a network framework for implementing protocols in layers, passing control from one layer to another. It is used primarily as an educational tool today. It conceptually divides computer network architecture into 7 layers in a logical progression.

The lower layers deal with electrical signals, chunks of binary data, and routing this data across networks. Higher levels deal with network requests and responses, data representation, and network protocols from a user's perspective.

The OSI model was originally designed as a standard architecture for building network systems. Many popular networking technologies today reflect OSI's layered design.

At layer 1, the physical layer of the OSI model is responsible for the final transfer of digital data bits from the physical layer of the sending (source) device via network communications media to the physical layer of the receiving (destination) device.