A service pack is a collection of updates and fixes, called patches, for an operating system or software program. Many of these patches are often released before a larger service pack, but the service pack allows for a simple, single installation.
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An installed service pack also tends to update the version number for Windows. This is the actual version number, not the generic name like Windows 11 or Windows Vista.
Service packs often contain new features as well as fixes. Therefore, one version of a program or OS can be very different from another on another computer. This is especially true if one person stays on an early service pack and the other is two or three service packs further.
Typically, a program or operating system refers to service packs by the number of service packs that have been released. For example, the first service pack is usually called SP1, and others are given their own numbers such as SP2 and SP5.