In Crusader Kings 3 you can upgrade your duchies by building structures. These buildings give a huge bonus to the duchy and allow you to improve your land. However, these bonuses are often overlooked due to their cost.
CK3 – Duchy & Special Buildings – Crusader Quickies
Only the owner of the ducal title can build buildings and take their benefits, and you must have unlocked the right innovations to build them first. The count capital of each duchy has an additional building slot for duchy buildings. But which duchy buildings are the best?
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Military Academies are the best Duchy Buildings if you paint/conquer a lot of maps. This is because it increases the number of Knights you can field, making early battles much easier. It also reduces Army Maintenance, meaning you won't go bankrupt by going to war early.